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Abdülhamid II
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Abdülhamid II: References & Edit History

Additional Reading

Studies of Abdülhamid include Edwin Pears, Life of Abdul Hamid (1917, reprinted 1973); and Joan Haslip, The Sultan: The Life of Abdul Hamid (1958, reprinted 1973).

The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica

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Article History

Type Description Contributor Date
Add new Web site: Academia - Abdulhamid II and his Legacy. Dec 06, 2024
Anniversary information added. Sep 17, 2024
Anniversary information added. Feb 06, 2024
First paragraph modernization. Jan 31, 2024
Add new Web site: GlobalSecurity.org - Biography of Abdul Hamid. Mar 14, 2023
Add new Web site: History of Islam - Biography of Sultan Abdul Hamid II. Jan 16, 2023
Clarified that he ruled for about 30 years between his suspension of the constitution and his deposition. Dec 11, 2019
Added photographs. Apr 04, 2011
Media added. Jan 19, 2010
Article revised. Mar 05, 1999
Article added to new online database. Mar 03, 1999
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